full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Kimberly Noble: How does income affect childhood brain development?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

What I'm about to sahre with you are findings from a study of the brains of more than 1,000 children and adolescents. Now, these were children who were recruited from diverse hemos around the United settas, and this picture is an average of all of their brains. The front of this average brain is on your left and the back of this aevagre brain is on your right. Now, one of the things we were very interested in was the surcfae area of the cerebral cortex, or the thin, wrinkly layer on the outer surface of the brain that does most of the cognitive hveay lifting. And that's because past work by other scientists has suggested that in many cseas, a larger cortical surface area is often associated with hgiehr intelligence. Now, in this study, we found one factor that was associated with the cortical surface area across nearly the entire surface of the brain. That factor was family income.

Open Cloze

What I'm about to _____ with you are findings from a study of the brains of more than 1,000 children and adolescents. Now, these were children who were recruited from diverse _____ around the United ______, and this picture is an average of all of their brains. The front of this average brain is on your left and the back of this _______ brain is on your right. Now, one of the things we were very interested in was the _______ area of the cerebral cortex, or the thin, wrinkly layer on the outer surface of the brain that does most of the cognitive _____ lifting. And that's because past work by other scientists has suggested that in many _____, a larger cortical surface area is often associated with ______ intelligence. Now, in this study, we found one factor that was associated with the cortical surface area across nearly the entire surface of the brain. That factor was family income.

Solution

  1. higher
  2. share
  3. heavy
  4. states
  5. cases
  6. surface
  7. homes
  8. average

Original Text

What I'm about to share with you are findings from a study of the brains of more than 1,000 children and adolescents. Now, these were children who were recruited from diverse homes around the United States, and this picture is an average of all of their brains. The front of this average brain is on your left and the back of this average brain is on your right. Now, one of the things we were very interested in was the surface area of the cerebral cortex, or the thin, wrinkly layer on the outer surface of the brain that does most of the cognitive heavy lifting. And that's because past work by other scientists has suggested that in many cases, a larger cortical surface area is often associated with higher intelligence. Now, in this study, we found one factor that was associated with the cortical surface area across nearly the entire surface of the brain. That factor was family income.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
family income 6
brain development 6
surface area 4
brain structure 4
cortical surface 3
child living 3
young children 3
average brain 2
larger cortical 2
smaller brain 2
brain surfaces 2
larger brain 2
young child 2
child born 2
child development 2
promote brain 2
learning outcomes 2
advantaged backgrounds 2
reading skills 2
monthly cash 2
cash gift 2
reducing poverty 2

ngrams of length 3

collocation frequency
cortical surface area 3
larger cortical surface 2
young child born 2
promote brain development 2
monthly cash gift 2

ngrams of length 4

collocation frequency
larger cortical surface area 2

Important Words

  1. adolescents
  2. area
  3. average
  4. brain
  5. brains
  6. cases
  7. cerebral
  8. children
  9. cognitive
  10. cortex
  11. cortical
  12. diverse
  13. entire
  14. factor
  15. family
  16. findings
  17. front
  18. heavy
  19. higher
  20. homes
  21. income
  22. intelligence
  23. interested
  24. larger
  25. layer
  26. left
  27. lifting
  28. outer
  29. picture
  30. recruited
  31. scientists
  32. share
  33. states
  34. study
  35. suggested
  36. surface
  37. thin
  38. united
  39. work
  40. wrinkly